Penn State Penn State: College of the Liberal Arts
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Parent-to-Child Anxiety Transmission in Early Childhood: Capturing In-The-Moment Mechanisms through Emotion Modeling and Biological Synchrony (P-CAT)

Parent-to-Child Anxiety Transmission in Early Childhood: Capturing In-The-Moment Mechanisms through Emotion Modeling and Biological Synchrony (P-CAT)

Headshot of Koraly Perez-Edgar
PI: Koraly Pérez-Edgar, PhD
Penn State University
Headshot of Susan Perlman
PI: Susan Perlman, PhD
Washington University in St. Louis

NIH R56MH126349
NIH R01MH130007
Administered in: College of the Liberal Arts

Abstract:

Previous studies have identified three central pathways of parent-to-child anxiety transmission: (1) shared genetic load, (2) fetal programming through maternal experiences during pregnancy, and (3) parental behaviors that model and shape anxiety-linked cognitive, behavioral, and emotional profiles. To date, we have few tractable mechanisms by which we can intervene upon the first two pathways. However, a wide and robust literature has characterized specific parenting behaviors linked to the emergence of childhood anxiety, making it a translatable target. Much of this literature has focused on broad profiles based on questionnaire measures or aggregate summaries of behaviors averaged over time. As a result, we know little regarding the moment-by-moment interactions that serve as a behavioral conduit for intergenerational transmission. Repeated daily interactions with caregivers, channeled through dyadic social dynamics, attune the child to parental expressions of fear and distress influencing the child’s own responses to surrounding events. The current study will focus on two instances of dyadic social dynamics as mechanisms for anxiety transmission. First is dyadic synchrony, a process captured in the temporal co-ordination of discrete microlevel signals between dyadic partners evident across levels of analysis. Second is emotion modeling, in which observed patterns of parental emotion, distress and coping are internalized by the child, supported by psychophysiological synchrony, and then reflected in their own subsequent behavior. Children ages 4 to 6 and their parent will be assessed. Parent-child dyads will engage in mildly stressful interactions that allow us to capture neural (fNIRS), attentional (mobile eye-tracking), and behavioral (overt emotion and distress) patterns of synchrony. Finally, we asses child fearful temperament, which is associated with greater sensitivity to the social environment and the later emergence of anxiety. Thus, we can ask (1) Concurrently, how do patterns of dyadic social dynamics vary across parent-child pairs? (2) Across tasks, to what extent does variation in dyadic patterns help predict anxiety risk? (3) Over time, can we predict socioemotional profiles and anxiety risk from earlier patterns of dynamic dyadic interactions? Reflecting the Research Domain Criteria, we integrate multilevel mechanisms by examining how social and arousal/regulatory systems are coupled through dyadic social dynamics to influence the emergence of anxiety via the cognitive (attention to threat, cognitive control), arousal/regulatory (delta-beta coupling), and negative valence (fearful temperament) systems. In doing so we heed the call to examine development and the environment as “bidirectional influences” on transdiagnostic processes of psychopathology in order to translate our findings to dyadic treatment approaches.

Additional Faculty:

Headshot of Erika Lunkenheimer
Erika Lunkenheimer, PhD
The Pennsylvania State University
Headshot of Brendan Ostlund
Brendan Ostlund, PhD
The Pennsylvania State University
Headshot of Carlomagno Panlilio
Carlomagno Panlilio, PhD
The Pennsylvania State University

Research Staff:

Headshot of Harmony Nguyen
Harmony Nguyen
Research Assistant
Headshot of Dakota Reis
Dakota Reis
Research Assistant

Postdoctoral Researchers:

Headshot of Joscelin Rocha-Hidalgo
Joscelin Rocha-Hidalgo, PhD
Psychology